Notes for La Verda Koro Chapter 2

(English version)

Gramatiko

-E: The word is an adverb. Li inteligente parolas. = He speaks intelligently.
EN ... -N: Shows movement from outside to inside. Li iras en la domo = He moves around (goes) in the house. Li iras en la domon. = He goes into the house.
SUR ... -N: Shows movement from off something onto it. Ŝi marŝas sur la planko = She is walking (around) on the floor. Ŝi marŝas sur la plankon. = She is walking onto the floor.

Prepozicioj

DE: of, from, by. la lernantoj estas en la ĉambro = the pupils are in the room.
AL: to, toward. Mi iras al Siberio = I am going to Siberia. Li donis al ŝi la manon = He gave her his hand.
EL: from, out of. Shows that something has come from the inside out. Ili venis el la ĉambro = They came out of the room.
ĜIS: to, until, as far as. Differs from AL in that AL shows, primarily, direction, while ĜIS shows attainment of a goal. Ili marŝis sur la strato al la kazerno ĝis ŝia hejmo = They walked on the street to the encampment as far as her home.
EKSTER: outside of. Differs from EL in that EL shows emergence or source, while EKSTER shows position with respect to something. Ili staris ekster ŝia domo = They stood outside her house.
ĈE: at. A preposition used to show a close relationship with a location when no other preposition (EN, SUR, EKSTER &c) really suffices. Ŝi loĝas ĉe strato Kitajskaja = She lives at Kitajskaja street.

Prefikso

GE-: shows both sexes taken together, usually (but not necessarily) as a couple. gesinjoroj = Mr. and Mrs.

Sufiksoj

-EJ-: a place for doing whatever is shown in the root. legejo = reading-room

Demandaj vortoj

KIE?: Where. Used to ask for a location. Kie vi kantas? En la kantejo! = Where are you singing? In the conservatory!
KIEN?: Whither. Used to ask for a destination. Kien vi iras? Hejmen, al Budapeŝto! = Where are you going? Home, to Budapest!

Vortoj (Esperanto + la angla)

libro = book
teo = tea
maŝino = machine
samovaro = samovar
cigaredo = cigarette
kontoro = office
infano = child

Eŭropo = Europe
kontinento = continent
poŝo = pocket
lingvo = language
mondo = world
koro = heart
paco = peace

kapo = head
lito = bed
Azio = Asia
pesimismo = pessimism
nokto = night
urbo = town
fantazio = fantasy

mano = hand
vojo = road
kazerno = military camp
direkto = direction
vespero = evening
hejmo = home
latino = Latin

okulo = eye
vero = truth
strato = street
muziko = music
vorto = word
hundo = dog
mateno = morning

inteligenta = intelligent
alia = another

varma = hot
kuraĝa = brave

blanka = white
sama = same

feliĉa = happy
ruĝa = red

facila = easy
riĉa = rich

egala = equal
sana = healthy

prenas (n) = take(s)
deziras (n) = desire(s)
havas (n) = has, have
haltas = stop(s)
marŝas = walk(s)
donas (n) = give(s)

legas (n) = read(s)
konversacias = converse(s)
dormas = sleep(s)
silentas = am, is, are silent
sentas (n) = feel(s)

metas (n) = put(s)
diras (n) = say(s)
amas (n) = love(s)
signifas (n) = mean(s)
vidas (n) = see(s)

kantas (n) = sing(s)
loĝas = reside(s)
pensas (n) = think(s)
revidas (n) = see(s) again
trinkas (n) = drink(s)

atentas (n) = pay(s) attention to
fermas (n) = close(s)
restas = stay(s), remain(s)
laboras (n) = work(s)
aŭskultas (n) = listen(s) to
kuŝas = lie(s) [horizontal]

ankaŭ = too, also

Sendu demandojn kaj proponojn al

Don Harlow <donh@donh.best.vwh.net>