Notes for La Verda Koro Chapter 6

(English version)

Gramatiko

-I: This ending indicates an infinitive, a verb that doesn't refer to any particular time or mood. In English it is usually preceded by the word "to", though after some helping verbs this may disappear. por trinki teon = (in order) to drink tea; Ĉu vi ne volas aŭ ne povas rakonti al mi pri tio? = Don't you want to, or can't you, tell me about it?
-ON: Indicator of the direct object, the "actee" or sufferer of what goes on in the verb. La jaroj lasis sian signon sur ili = The years left their sign on them.

Preposition

POST: After. Shows precedence in time. post unu-du jardekoj.. = In (after) one or two decades...

Prefikso

RE-: Over again or back to the beginning. residigis = sat (them) back down; memoro = a memory, something held in memory, rememoro = a memory, something called back into memory.

Sufiksoj

-EC-: A characteristic, usually belonging to something, described by the attribute to which this suffix is attached. malriĉa = poor, malriĉeco = poverty.
-ET- = Diminutive; makes the word to which it is attached a canonically small version of the original word. ridas = laughs, ridetas = smiles; libro = book, libreto = booklet; patrino = mother, patrineto = little mother.
-EG- Opposite of -ET-, it augments the word to which it is attached. bela = beautiful, belega = magnificent; riĉa = rich, riĉega = filthy rich; malriĉa = poor, malriĉega = dirt poor.
-IĜ-: Shows a change of state into that described by the root to which it is attached. More or less equivalent to English "becomes". When attached to an action that is transitive (one that acts on somebody other than the subject), it turns that object intransitive (i.e., acting on the subject). bela = beautiful, beliĝas = becomes beautiful; li sendas la leteron = he sends the letter, la letero sendiĝas = the letter is (becomes) sent.
-ĈJ-: Endearing masculine pseudo-suffix which often requires truncation of the word or name to which it is attached. patro = father, paĉjo = daddy; Onklo Donaldo = Uncle Donald, Oĉjo Doĉjo = Unca Donald.

Demanda vorto

KIOM: How much, how many? When it takes an object, since it's really an adverb rather than an adjective, it requires a preposition, and this is usually the "measure" preposition da. Kiom da akvo estas en la maro? Kiom da anĝeloj povas danci sur pinglopinto? = How much water is in the sea? How many angels can dance on the point of a pin?

Kolektaj vortoj

ĈIU: Each, every. Like other -U correlatives, when this one is used without a referent (adjoining or otherwise obvious) it is taken to refer to human beings. Sur ĉiu telero estas simpla glaso kaj kulereto = On every plate there is a simple glass and teaspoon; En ĉiu jaro nur unufoje = only once in every year; ĉiu levis sian manon = everyone raised his hand.
ĈIO: Everything. Ĉio en la ĉambro estas kortuŝe simpla = Everything in the room is touchingly simple.
ĈIE: Everywhere. La suno brilas ĉie = The sun is shining everywhere.

Neaj vortoj

NENIU: No one, no. Same rules as other -U correlatives. Neniu pensas pri tio, ke la tuta domo estas ligna domo = Nobody things about the fact that the entire house is a wooden house.
NENIO: Nothing. Dum la tuta tago ŝi faras nenion = During the entire day she does nothing.
NENIE: Nowhere. Se vi serĉos la landon Oz, vi nenie trovos ĝin = If you look for the land of Oz, you'll find it nowhere.

Vortoj (Esperanto + la angla)

forno = oven
tuko = cloth
pano = bread
poezio = poetry
mino = mine
originalo = (an) original
matematiko = mathematics
frukto = fruit
veŝto = waistcoat
glaso = glass, tumbler
simbolo = symbol
semajno = week
 ligno = wood
forko = pitchfork
ŝtono = (a) stone, rock
butero = butter
traduko = translation
tasko = task, job
ringo = ring
oro = gold
gazeto = newspaper
tabako = tobacco
infanterio = infantry
signo = sign
kulero = spoon
 lukso = luxury
fianĉo = fiancé
minuto = (a) minute
literaturo = literature
dato = date (of the month)
krajono = pencil
sinteno = attitude
Januaro = January
Februaro = February
Marto = March
Aprilo = April
Majo = May
Junio = June
 aero = air
ŝuo = shoe
kaporalo = corporal
cenzuro = censorship
ĉokolado = chocolate
fajro = fire;
telero = plate (object)
Julio = July
Aŭgusto = August
Septembro = September
Oktobro = October
Novembro = November
Decembro = December
intima = intimate
mola = soft
 lasta = last, recent
sankta = holy
certa = certain
 perfekta = perfect
bruna = brown
ofta = frequent
 nobla = noble (in spirit)
honesta = honest
scivola = inquisitive
zumi = to hum, buzz
komenci (n) = to begin (something)
komenciĝi = to begin (happening)
fini (n) = to finish (something)
mini (n) = to mine
serĉi (n) = to look for (something)
 povi = to be able to
finiĝi = to come to an end
voli = to want to
kuri = to run
traduki (n) = to translate
vesti (n) = to clothe
verki (n) = to write (a work)
 lasi (n) = to leave, let
sendi (n) = to send
devi = to have to
paki (n) = to pack
ŝerci (pri) = to make a joke
koni (n) = to know, be acquainted with
ĝoji = to rejoice
 rompi (n) = to break (in two)
forigi (n) = to get rid of
perdi (n) = to lose
pendi (de) = to hang (from)
korespondi (kun) = to correspond (with)
foriĝi = to become away
fojo = a time, occurrence
foja = occasional
foje = from time to time
 post tio = after that
poste = afterwards
eĉ = even
 ambaŭ = both
volonte = voluntarily

Sendu demandojn kaj proponojn al

Don Harlow <donh@donh.best.vwh.net>